A multistep in vitro hemocompatibility testing protocol recapitulating the foreign body reaction to nanocarriers

Valeria Perugini, Ruth Schmid, Yrr Morch, Isabelle Texier, Martin Brodde, Matteo Santin

Research output: Contribution to journalArticlepeer-review

Abstract

The development of drug nanocarriers based on polymeric, lipid and ceramic biomaterials has been paving the way to precision medicine, where the delivery of poorly soluble active compounds and personalized doses are made possible. However, the nano-size character of these carriers has been demonstrated to have the potential to elicit pathways of the host response different from those of the same biomaterials when engineered as larger size implants and of the drugs when administered without a carrier. Therefore, a specific regulatory framework needs to be made available that can offer robust scientific insights and provide safety data by reliable tests of these novel nano-devices. In this context, the present work presents a multistep protocol for the in vitro assessment of the hemocompatibility of nanocarriers of different physicochemical properties. Poly (ethyl butyl cyanoacrylate) nanoparticles and lipid-based (LipImage™ 815) nanoparticles of comparable hydrodynamic diameter were tested through a battery of assays using human peripheral blood samples and recapitulating the main pathways of the host response upon systemic administration; i.e., protein interactions, fibrinogen-platelet binding, cytotoxicity, and inflammatory response. The data showed the sensitivity and reproducibility of the methods adopted that were also demonstrated to determine individual variability as well as to discriminate between activation of pathways of inflammation and unintended release of inflammatory signaling caused by loss of cell integrity. Therefore, this multistep testing is proposed as a reliable protocol for nanoparticle development and emerging regulatory frameworks. [Abstract copyright: © 2022. The Author(s).]
Original languageEnglish
Pages (from-to)2089-2100
Number of pages12
JournalDrug Delivery and Translational Research
Volume12
Issue number9
Early online date22 Mar 2022
DOIs
Publication statusPublished - 22 Mar 2022

Bibliographical note

Funding Information:
The work has been supported by the EC Horizon 2020 project “Regulatory Science Framework for Nano(bio)material-based Medical Products and Devices” REFINE, contract no. 751104.

Publisher Copyright:
© 2022, The Author(s).

Keywords

  • Cytotoxicity
  • Drug nanocarriers
  • Hemocompatibility
  • Host response
  • In vitro tests
  • Inflammatory response
  • Lipid nanoparticles
  • Nanobiomaterials
  • Polymeric nanoparticles
  • Protein corona
  • Thrombogenicity

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