TY - JOUR
T1 - Use of in vitro models of haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration to estimate dosage regimens for critically ill patients prescribed cefpirome
AU - Phillips, G. J.
AU - Davies, J. G.
AU - Olliff, C. J.
AU - Kingswood, C.
AU - Street, M.
PY - 1998
Y1 - 1998
N2 - Background: The physico-chemical properties of cefpirome (low protein binding, high water solubility and low molecular weight) suggest that it may be lost readily from the extracorporeal circulation of intensive care unit patients during continuous renal replacement therapy. Method: In order to make informed dosage recommendations for patients receiving artificial renal support, cefpirome loss from human blood has been quantified using in vitro models of continuous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration. Cefpirome clearance was measured using three membrane types at varying ultrafiltrate (UFR) and dialysis flow rates (Qd). Results: During haemofiltration cefpirome was found to cross hollow fibre polyamide (PA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes with equal efficiency. The mean sieving coefficients (S) of both PA and PAN membranes were consistently high (> 0.7) when two different ultrafiltration rates were used. Changing the ultrafiltration rate or membrane type had no significant effect on the sieving coefficient of cefpirome but did result in an increase in cefpirome filter clearance (F(cl)). Using the haemodiafiltration model, cefpirome penetrated PAN membranes (flat plate AN69S) more efficiently than hollow fibre PA membranes (FH66D). In each case, increasing the dialysis flow rate reduced the S-value. However, although increasing Qd was associated with a greater F(cl) of cefpirome when PAN membranes were employed, no such relationship was found for the PA hollow fibre membrane. Conclusion: The information generated can be used to estimate a dosing regimen for intensive care patients prescribed cefpirome and receiving continuous renal replacement therapy.
AB - Background: The physico-chemical properties of cefpirome (low protein binding, high water solubility and low molecular weight) suggest that it may be lost readily from the extracorporeal circulation of intensive care unit patients during continuous renal replacement therapy. Method: In order to make informed dosage recommendations for patients receiving artificial renal support, cefpirome loss from human blood has been quantified using in vitro models of continuous haemofiltration and haemodiafiltration. Cefpirome clearance was measured using three membrane types at varying ultrafiltrate (UFR) and dialysis flow rates (Qd). Results: During haemofiltration cefpirome was found to cross hollow fibre polyamide (PA) and polyacrylonitrile (PAN) membranes with equal efficiency. The mean sieving coefficients (S) of both PA and PAN membranes were consistently high (> 0.7) when two different ultrafiltration rates were used. Changing the ultrafiltration rate or membrane type had no significant effect on the sieving coefficient of cefpirome but did result in an increase in cefpirome filter clearance (F(cl)). Using the haemodiafiltration model, cefpirome penetrated PAN membranes (flat plate AN69S) more efficiently than hollow fibre PA membranes (FH66D). In each case, increasing the dialysis flow rate reduced the S-value. However, although increasing Qd was associated with a greater F(cl) of cefpirome when PAN membranes were employed, no such relationship was found for the PA hollow fibre membrane. Conclusion: The information generated can be used to estimate a dosing regimen for intensive care patients prescribed cefpirome and receiving continuous renal replacement therapy.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=0031650701&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1046/j.1365-2710.1998.00169.x
DO - 10.1046/j.1365-2710.1998.00169.x
M3 - Article
C2 - 9875683
AN - SCOPUS:0031650701
SN - 0269-4727
VL - 23
SP - 353
EP - 359
JO - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
JF - Journal of Clinical Pharmacy and Therapeutics
IS - 5
ER -