Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint

Simon Otter; Brunilda Agalliu; Nicola Baer; Georgie Hales; Katrina Harvey; Keeley James; Richard Keating; Warren McConnell; Rachel Nelson; Saddaf Qureshi; Steven Ryan; Abigail St. John; Heather Waddington; Katie Warren; Duane Wong

doi:10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3

Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint

Simon Otter, Brunilda Agalliu, Nicola Baer, Georgie Hales, Katrina Harvey, Keeley James, Richard Keating, Warren McConnell, Rachel Nelson, Saddaf Qureshi, Steven Ryan, Abigail St. John, Heather Waddington, Katie Warren, Duane Wong

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

Adequate sagittal plane motion of the first metatarsalphalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) is important during normal gait and goniometric measurement is commonly used as a diagnostic and outcome assessment tool. We aimed to determine the intra and inter-rater reliability together with the concurrent validity of a universal plastic goniometer (UG) and a smartphone applicationlication (Dr G) for the measurement of dorsiflexion at the 1st MTPJ. Methods Measurement of joint position and passive range of motion of the 1st MTPJ dorsiflexion was compared using a UG and DrG goniometer. A double-blind repeated measures design was utilized, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to determine levels of reliability. Results For joint position good intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.861) and good inter-rater reliability (ICC >0.823) was noted. However, the Dr G application consistently measured lower angles (mean 27.8° (SD 8.37)) than the UG (mean 32° (SD 11.7)) and these associations were significant (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). For passive range of motion, the mean total range of dorsiflexion motion (from maximum plantarflexed position to maximum dorsiflexed position) was 82.8° (SD 12.2) for the UG and 82.9° (SD 11.3) for the Dr G application. Both instruments demonstrated high levels of intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.809). Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good for the UG (ICC 0.693 (95% CI 0.580 to 0.788)) and good for the Dr G application (ICC 0.708 (95% CI 0.597 to 0.799)). Conclusions Moderate to high intra and inter-rater reliability of joint position and passive 1st MTPJ motion can be achieved with traditional and smartphone-based goniometric measurement. The Dr G application may provide a slightly higher reliability, but devices should not be used inter-changeably as significant variation in measurement between devices may occur.

Original language	English
Journal	Journal of Foot and Ankle Research
Volume	8
Issue number	30
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3
Publication status	Published - 23 Jul 2015

Bibliographical note

© Otter et al. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by/ 4. 0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons. org/ publicdomain/ zero/ 1. 0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

Keywords

Biomechanics Cell phone
Reproducibility of results
First metatarsophalangeal joint

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Otter, S., Agalliu, B., Baer, N., Hales, G., Harvey, K., James, K., Keating, R., McConnell, W., Nelson, R., Qureshi, S., Ryan, S., St. John, A., Waddington, H., Warren, K., & Wong, D. (2015). Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint. Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, 8(30). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3

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title = "Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint",

abstract = "Adequate sagittal plane motion of the first metatarsalphalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) is important during normal gait and goniometric measurement is commonly used as a diagnostic and outcome assessment tool. We aimed to determine the intra and inter-rater reliability together with the concurrent validity of a universal plastic goniometer (UG) and a smartphone applicationlication (Dr G) for the measurement of dorsiflexion at the 1st MTPJ. Methods Measurement of joint position and passive range of motion of the 1st MTPJ dorsiflexion was compared using a UG and DrG goniometer. A double-blind repeated measures design was utilized, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to determine levels of reliability. Results For joint position good intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.861) and good inter-rater reliability (ICC >0.823) was noted. However, the Dr G application consistently measured lower angles (mean 27.8° (SD 8.37)) than the UG (mean 32° (SD 11.7)) and these associations were significant (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). For passive range of motion, the mean total range of dorsiflexion motion (from maximum plantarflexed position to maximum dorsiflexed position) was 82.8° (SD 12.2) for the UG and 82.9° (SD 11.3) for the Dr G application. Both instruments demonstrated high levels of intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.809). Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good for the UG (ICC 0.693 (95% CI 0.580 to 0.788)) and good for the Dr G application (ICC 0.708 (95% CI 0.597 to 0.799)). Conclusions Moderate to high intra and inter-rater reliability of joint position and passive 1st MTPJ motion can be achieved with traditional and smartphone-based goniometric measurement. The Dr G application may provide a slightly higher reliability, but devices should not be used inter-changeably as significant variation in measurement between devices may occur.",

keywords = "Biomechanics Cell phone, Reproducibility of results, First metatarsophalangeal joint",

author = "Simon Otter and Brunilda Agalliu and Nicola Baer and Georgie Hales and Katrina Harvey and Keeley James and Richard Keating and Warren McConnell and Rachel Nelson and Saddaf Qureshi and Steven Ryan and {St. John}, Abigail and Heather Waddington and Katie Warren and Duane Wong",

note = "{\textcopyright} Otter et al. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by/ 4. 0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons. org/ publicdomain/ zero/ 1. 0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated",

year = "2015",

month = jul,

day = "23",

doi = "10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3",

language = "English",

volume = "8",

journal = "Journal of Foot and Ankle Research",

issn = "1757-1146",

publisher = "BioMed Central",

number = "30",

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Otter, S, Agalliu, B, Baer, N, Hales, G, Harvey, K, James, K, Keating, R, McConnell, W, Nelson, R, Qureshi, S, Ryan, S, St. John, A, Waddington, H, Warren, K & Wong, D 2015, 'Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint', Journal of Foot and Ankle Research, vol. 8, no. 30. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3

TY - JOUR

T1 - Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint

AU - Otter, Simon

AU - Agalliu, Brunilda

AU - Baer, Nicola

AU - Hales, Georgie

AU - Harvey, Katrina

AU - James, Keeley

AU - Keating, Richard

AU - McConnell, Warren

AU - Nelson, Rachel

AU - Qureshi, Saddaf

AU - Ryan, Steven

AU - St. John, Abigail

AU - Waddington, Heather

AU - Warren, Katie

AU - Wong, Duane

N1 - © Otter et al. 2015. This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http:// creativecommons. org/ licenses/ by/ 4. 0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly credited. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http:// creativecommons. org/ publicdomain/ zero/ 1. 0/ ) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated

PY - 2015/7/23

Y1 - 2015/7/23

N2 - Adequate sagittal plane motion of the first metatarsalphalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) is important during normal gait and goniometric measurement is commonly used as a diagnostic and outcome assessment tool. We aimed to determine the intra and inter-rater reliability together with the concurrent validity of a universal plastic goniometer (UG) and a smartphone applicationlication (Dr G) for the measurement of dorsiflexion at the 1st MTPJ. Methods Measurement of joint position and passive range of motion of the 1st MTPJ dorsiflexion was compared using a UG and DrG goniometer. A double-blind repeated measures design was utilized, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to determine levels of reliability. Results For joint position good intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.861) and good inter-rater reliability (ICC >0.823) was noted. However, the Dr G application consistently measured lower angles (mean 27.8° (SD 8.37)) than the UG (mean 32° (SD 11.7)) and these associations were significant (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). For passive range of motion, the mean total range of dorsiflexion motion (from maximum plantarflexed position to maximum dorsiflexed position) was 82.8° (SD 12.2) for the UG and 82.9° (SD 11.3) for the Dr G application. Both instruments demonstrated high levels of intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.809). Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good for the UG (ICC 0.693 (95% CI 0.580 to 0.788)) and good for the Dr G application (ICC 0.708 (95% CI 0.597 to 0.799)). Conclusions Moderate to high intra and inter-rater reliability of joint position and passive 1st MTPJ motion can be achieved with traditional and smartphone-based goniometric measurement. The Dr G application may provide a slightly higher reliability, but devices should not be used inter-changeably as significant variation in measurement between devices may occur.

AB - Adequate sagittal plane motion of the first metatarsalphalangeal joint (1st MTPJ) is important during normal gait and goniometric measurement is commonly used as a diagnostic and outcome assessment tool. We aimed to determine the intra and inter-rater reliability together with the concurrent validity of a universal plastic goniometer (UG) and a smartphone applicationlication (Dr G) for the measurement of dorsiflexion at the 1st MTPJ. Methods Measurement of joint position and passive range of motion of the 1st MTPJ dorsiflexion was compared using a UG and DrG goniometer. A double-blind repeated measures design was utilized, with intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) used to determine levels of reliability. Results For joint position good intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.861) and good inter-rater reliability (ICC >0.823) was noted. However, the Dr G application consistently measured lower angles (mean 27.8° (SD 8.37)) than the UG (mean 32° (SD 11.7)) and these associations were significant (r = 0.399, p < 0.001). For passive range of motion, the mean total range of dorsiflexion motion (from maximum plantarflexed position to maximum dorsiflexed position) was 82.8° (SD 12.2) for the UG and 82.9° (SD 11.3) for the Dr G application. Both instruments demonstrated high levels of intra-rater reliability (ICC >0.809). Inter-rater reliability was moderate to good for the UG (ICC 0.693 (95% CI 0.580 to 0.788)) and good for the Dr G application (ICC 0.708 (95% CI 0.597 to 0.799)). Conclusions Moderate to high intra and inter-rater reliability of joint position and passive 1st MTPJ motion can be achieved with traditional and smartphone-based goniometric measurement. The Dr G application may provide a slightly higher reliability, but devices should not be used inter-changeably as significant variation in measurement between devices may occur.

KW - Biomechanics Cell phone

KW - Reproducibility of results

KW - First metatarsophalangeal joint

U2 - 10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3

DO - 10.1186/s13047-015-0088-3

M3 - Article

SN - 1757-1146

VL - 8

JO - Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

JF - Journal of Foot and Ankle Research

IS - 30

ER -

Reliability of a smartphone goniometer app compared with traditional goniometer for measuring passive motion at the first metatarsophalangeal joint

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

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