Protective Effects of Resveratrol Encapsulated in Liposomes or PLA Nanoparticles against Oxidative Stress in NRK-52E Cells

Liposomes and Polymeric nanoparticles are nanocarriers that can be used to enhance the pharmacokinetics of different drugs. The objective of the current study was to encapsulate resveratrol in DPPC liposomes and PLA nanoparticles; separately for the amelioration of PQ-induced oxidative stress on NRK-52E cells. Liposomes were produced by the hydration of a lipid film. Polymeric nanoparticles were prepared by double emulsification solvent diffusion method using PLA. They were then characterized for their particle size, zeta potential, drug loading, antioxidant activity, toxicity on NRK-52E cells, and protection against paraquat oxidation. The mean particle size for liposomes and PLA nanoparticles were respectively 197.4 ± 102.4 and 457.9 ± 56.1 nm and their surface zeta-potentials were -7.86 ± 6.36 and -21.6 ± 10.4 mV; respectively. LM and SEM images showed both types of nanoparticles to be spherical in shape. %LE efficiency for liposomes (12.04 ± 1.23%) was quite low compared to PLA nanoparticles (40.81 ± 29.14%). However, the % internalization for liposomes (5.95 ± 0.09%) was around 11 times higher than free resveratrol compared to PLA nanoparticles (0.93 ± 0.03%) which were only around two-fold higher. The toxicity tests showed that both liposomes and PLA nanoparticle forms of resveratrol showed less harmful effect on the cells than its free form mainly in the LDH assay. Furthermore, the benefit of encapsulation was also clear in the activity tests against PQ on the NRK-52E cell. From these results, it can be concluded that resveratrol-loaded liposomes and PLA nanoparticles can show more benefits over free resveratrol.