Performance and emission analysis of rubber seed, palm, and their combined blend in a multi-cylinder diesel engine

Ibrahim Khalil Adam; Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz; Morgan R. Heikal; Suzana Yusup; null Firmansyah; Ahmad Shahrul Ahmad; Ezrann Zharif Zainal Abidin

doi:10.3390/en11061522

Performance and emission analysis of rubber seed, palm, and their combined blend in a multi-cylinder diesel engine

Ibrahim Khalil Adam, Abdul Rashid Abdul Aziz, Morgan R. Heikal, Suzana Yusup, Firmansyah, Ahmad Shahrul Ahmad, Ezrann Zharif Zainal Abidin

Research output: Contribution to journal › Article › peer-review

Abstract

In consideration of its vast resources in Malaysia, the potential use of a nonedible biodiesel source from rubber seed oil (RSO) is explored. However, a mixture with a high saturation content feedstock is required to increase its oxidation stability, which is caused by its 78.93% unsaturation content. Two blends of 20% and 50% v/v rubber seed biodiesel (RB) or palm biodiesel (PB) and varying percentage mixtures of these two feedstock oils biodiesel (RPB) were evaluated on combustion performance in a 55 kW multi-cylinder diesel engine at full load conditions. The results showed that feedstock blending offered benefits in terms of fuel properties enhancement, improved engine performance, and reduced emissions. In comparison to RB, RPB showed higher brake power (BP) of 1.18-2.97% and lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.85-3.69%, smoke opacity (11.89-14.19%), carbon monoxide (CO) of 2.48-6.93%, hydrocarbon (HC) of 2.36-9.34%, and Nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of 2.34-5.93%. The cylinder pressures and heat release rates (HRR) of RPB blends were 8.47-11.43% and 36.02-46.61% higher than diesel, respectively. The start of combustion angles (SOC) of RB and RPB blends were from −13 to −15^◦C and from −13.2 to −15.6 crank angle degree (^◦CA) before top dead center (BTDC), but the combustion delays were 6-8^◦C and 5.4-7.8^◦C shorter when compared to diesel fuel which were −10^◦C BTDC and 11^◦C, respectively. It can be concluded that RPB blends showed better performance and emissions over the individual rubber seed and palm biodiesel blends and can replace diesel fuel in unmodified engines.

Original language	English
Article number	1522
Journal	Energies
Volume	11
Issue number	6
DOIs	https://doi.org/10.3390/en11061522
Publication status	Published - 12 Jun 2018

Bibliographical note

© 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

Keywords

Combustion
NO reduction
Oxidation stability
Rubber seed-palm blend

Access to Document

10.3390/en11061522Licence: CC BY

energies-11-01522Final published version, 5.81 MBLicence: CC BY

Cite this

@article{75c7dd6d2c7a4c25b489c4361ba22088,

title = "Performance and emission analysis of rubber seed, palm, and their combined blend in a multi-cylinder diesel engine",

abstract = "In consideration of its vast resources in Malaysia, the potential use of a nonedible biodiesel source from rubber seed oil (RSO) is explored. However, a mixture with a high saturation content feedstock is required to increase its oxidation stability, which is caused by its 78.93% unsaturation content. Two blends of 20% and 50% v/v rubber seed biodiesel (RB) or palm biodiesel (PB) and varying percentage mixtures of these two feedstock oils biodiesel (RPB) were evaluated on combustion performance in a 55 kW multi-cylinder diesel engine at full load conditions. The results showed that feedstock blending offered benefits in terms of fuel properties enhancement, improved engine performance, and reduced emissions. In comparison to RB, RPB showed higher brake power (BP) of 1.18-2.97% and lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.85-3.69%, smoke opacity (11.89-14.19%), carbon monoxide (CO) of 2.48-6.93%, hydrocarbon (HC) of 2.36-9.34%, and Nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of 2.34-5.93%. The cylinder pressures and heat release rates (HRR) of RPB blends were 8.47-11.43% and 36.02-46.61% higher than diesel, respectively. The start of combustion angles (SOC) of RB and RPB blends were from −13 to −15◦C and from −13.2 to −15.6 crank angle degree (◦CA) before top dead center (BTDC), but the combustion delays were 6-8◦C and 5.4-7.8◦C shorter when compared to diesel fuel which were −10◦C BTDC and 11◦C, respectively. It can be concluded that RPB blends showed better performance and emissions over the individual rubber seed and palm biodiesel blends and can replace diesel fuel in unmodified engines.",

keywords = "Combustion, NO reduction, Oxidation stability, Rubber seed-palm blend",

author = "Adam, {Ibrahim Khalil} and {Abdul Aziz}, {Abdul Rashid} and Heikal, {Morgan R.} and Suzana Yusup and Firmansyah and Ahmad, {Ahmad Shahrul} and {Zainal Abidin}, {Ezrann Zharif}",

note = "{\textcopyright} 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).",

year = "2018",

month = jun,

day = "12",

doi = "10.3390/en11061522",

language = "English",

volume = "11",

journal = "Energies",

issn = "1996-1073",

publisher = "MDPI",

number = "6",

}

TY - JOUR

T1 - Performance and emission analysis of rubber seed, palm, and their combined blend in a multi-cylinder diesel engine

AU - Adam, Ibrahim Khalil

AU - Abdul Aziz, Abdul Rashid

AU - Heikal, Morgan R.

AU - Yusup, Suzana

AU - Firmansyah, null

AU - Ahmad, Ahmad Shahrul

AU - Zainal Abidin, Ezrann Zharif

N1 - © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

PY - 2018/6/12

Y1 - 2018/6/12

N2 - In consideration of its vast resources in Malaysia, the potential use of a nonedible biodiesel source from rubber seed oil (RSO) is explored. However, a mixture with a high saturation content feedstock is required to increase its oxidation stability, which is caused by its 78.93% unsaturation content. Two blends of 20% and 50% v/v rubber seed biodiesel (RB) or palm biodiesel (PB) and varying percentage mixtures of these two feedstock oils biodiesel (RPB) were evaluated on combustion performance in a 55 kW multi-cylinder diesel engine at full load conditions. The results showed that feedstock blending offered benefits in terms of fuel properties enhancement, improved engine performance, and reduced emissions. In comparison to RB, RPB showed higher brake power (BP) of 1.18-2.97% and lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.85-3.69%, smoke opacity (11.89-14.19%), carbon monoxide (CO) of 2.48-6.93%, hydrocarbon (HC) of 2.36-9.34%, and Nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of 2.34-5.93%. The cylinder pressures and heat release rates (HRR) of RPB blends were 8.47-11.43% and 36.02-46.61% higher than diesel, respectively. The start of combustion angles (SOC) of RB and RPB blends were from −13 to −15◦C and from −13.2 to −15.6 crank angle degree (◦CA) before top dead center (BTDC), but the combustion delays were 6-8◦C and 5.4-7.8◦C shorter when compared to diesel fuel which were −10◦C BTDC and 11◦C, respectively. It can be concluded that RPB blends showed better performance and emissions over the individual rubber seed and palm biodiesel blends and can replace diesel fuel in unmodified engines.

AB - In consideration of its vast resources in Malaysia, the potential use of a nonedible biodiesel source from rubber seed oil (RSO) is explored. However, a mixture with a high saturation content feedstock is required to increase its oxidation stability, which is caused by its 78.93% unsaturation content. Two blends of 20% and 50% v/v rubber seed biodiesel (RB) or palm biodiesel (PB) and varying percentage mixtures of these two feedstock oils biodiesel (RPB) were evaluated on combustion performance in a 55 kW multi-cylinder diesel engine at full load conditions. The results showed that feedstock blending offered benefits in terms of fuel properties enhancement, improved engine performance, and reduced emissions. In comparison to RB, RPB showed higher brake power (BP) of 1.18-2.97% and lower brake specific fuel consumption (BSFC) of 0.85-3.69%, smoke opacity (11.89-14.19%), carbon monoxide (CO) of 2.48-6.93%, hydrocarbon (HC) of 2.36-9.34%, and Nitrogen oxide (NO) emissions of 2.34-5.93%. The cylinder pressures and heat release rates (HRR) of RPB blends were 8.47-11.43% and 36.02-46.61% higher than diesel, respectively. The start of combustion angles (SOC) of RB and RPB blends were from −13 to −15◦C and from −13.2 to −15.6 crank angle degree (◦CA) before top dead center (BTDC), but the combustion delays were 6-8◦C and 5.4-7.8◦C shorter when compared to diesel fuel which were −10◦C BTDC and 11◦C, respectively. It can be concluded that RPB blends showed better performance and emissions over the individual rubber seed and palm biodiesel blends and can replace diesel fuel in unmodified engines.

KW - Combustion

KW - NO reduction

KW - Oxidation stability

KW - Rubber seed-palm blend

UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85049635097&partnerID=8YFLogxK

U2 - 10.3390/en11061522

DO - 10.3390/en11061522

M3 - Article

AN - SCOPUS:85049635097

SN - 1996-1073

VL - 11

JO - Energies

JF - Energies

IS - 6

M1 - 1522

ER -

Performance and emission analysis of rubber seed, palm, and their combined blend in a multi-cylinder diesel engine

Abstract

Bibliographical note

Keywords

Access to Document

Other files and links

Fingerprint

Cite this