Metformin exposure induces gonadal alterations in mussels Mytilus edulis: Metformin impact in mussels

The accumulation of pharmaceuticals in marine environments is an increasing environmental
concern. Metformin, a widely used antidiabetic drug, is frequently detected in aquatic systems; however,
its ecological implications are not fully elucidated. This study examines the biological effects of metformin
on the blue mussel Mytilus edulis, employed as a bioindicator, under various concentrations that mirror
both typical and elevated environmental levels. Investigations included short-term (7 days) and longterm (21 days) exposure scenarios. Results indicate that metformin markedly influences the cellular
integrity and reproductive health of M. edulis. Notable findings include disruptions in gonadal tissue
integrity and cellular response modulation, characterised by apoptosis-related and inflammatory
reactions. These effects were dose-dependent and suggest metformin’s potential as an emerging
contaminant of concern. This research emphasises the need for comprehensive studies to fully assess the
ecological consequences of metformin presence in aquatic habitats and the potential risks to marine life
sustainability