Interferential therapy electrode placement technique in acute low back pain: A preliminary investigation

Objective: To determine the efficacy of interferential therapy (IFT) electrode placement technique compared with a control treatment in subjects with acute low back pain (LBP). Design: Single-blind, randomized, controlled trial with a 3-month follow-up. Setting: Outpatient physiotherapy departments in hospital and university settings. Patients: A random sample of 60 eligible patients with back pain (28 men, 32 women) were recruited by general practitioners and self-referral for physiotherapy treatment and randomly assigned to 1 of 3 groups. Interventions: (1) “IFT painful area” and The Back Book, (2) “IFT spinal nerve” and The Back Book, and (3) “Control,” The Back Book only. Standardized IFT stimulation parameters were used: carrier frequency 3.85kHz; 140Hz constant; pulse duration 130μs; 30 minutes' duration. Main Outcome Measures: Pain Rating Index, Roland-Morris Disability Questionnaire (RMDQ), and EuroQol were completed by subjects pretreatment, at discharge, and 3-month follow-up. Results: All groups had significant improvements in all outcomes at follow-up. Subjects managed by IFT spinal nerve and The Back Book displayed both a statistically significant (p = .030) and clinically meaningful reduction in functional disability (RMDQ), compared with management via IFT painful area and The Back Book combined or The Back Book alone. Conclusions: The findings showed that IFT electrode placement technique affects LBP-specific functional disability, providing preliminary implications for future clinical studies.