Factores que influencian la productividad y nuevos indicadores para evaluar la eficiencia en investigación.

One of the main purposes of the economic investment in research that countries make is to achieve high levels of scientific results that impact and improve the living standards of our society. For this reason, efficiency in research could be considered as the way to obtain the greatest volume of scientific results with the minimum amount of financial investment. In order to measure the repercussion of economic investment in research and evaluate scientific efficiency, a sample of 19 countries representing each region of the world has been selected. A range of 17 years has been selected, on the one hand, social and economic indicators have been extracted from the UNESCO statistical database, and on the other, publication data and scientific citations have been obtained from Scopus and SciVal. Two new notions of economic efficiency have been introduced to be used by national research systems: one based on the capacity to assimilate investment in research, development and innovation and another based on productivity and impact.

Through a causal model of multiple linear regression with panel data, the assimilation of efficiency has been modelled. It is confirmed that a country's production can be explained: 98% through gross domestic spending on R&D as a percentage of GDP and also through the number of academic and research institutions that concentrate at least 50% of the production national. Finally, to measure efficiency in productivity and impact, new indicators have been created that quantify the relationship between economic investment and scientific results: dollars per publication (DPP), dollars per citation (DPC), citations received per 1,000 dollars invested in research (CIREDI). ) and publications produced for 1,000 dollars invested (PAPPDI).