Demedicalising misery: welcoming the human paradigm in mental health nurse education

To date, no genes, biomarkers or evidence for disease processes have been convincingly identified for functional mental health problems. Instead, an overwhelming amount of evidence points to the causal role of social and relational adversities in their developmentt. A change of language is needed to understand, conceptualise, research and help in alleviating human misery. In moving from technological to human paradigmatic understandings, narrative-based approaches, including the central role of formulation, emerge as a more credible way forward.