Confined vortex rings in gasoline fuel sprays: modelling and observations

In our earlier papers [1,2] basic properties of vortex ring-like structures in gasoline engines were interpreted in terms of the generalised vortex ring model described in [3]. The main restriction of the approach considered in these papers was that it was assumed that vortex rings developed in an unbounded domain and the effects of confinement of vortex rings inside gasoline engines were ignored. A vortex ring model taking into account the effects of confinement in a tube (a good approximation of a confinement in realistic gasoline engines) was described in our recent paper [4]. The range of validity of this model was investigated based on the comparison between the predictions of the model and the results of Direct Numerical Simulations (DNS). The main objective of the current presentation is to investigate the dynamics of sprays in realistic gasoline engine conditions, taking into account the effects of the confined vortex rings, and compare the results with experimental observations where possible. The model for confined vortex rings described in [4] will be used in our analysis.