Blockchain success in the post-adoption phase: extending the information systems success model with supply chain complexity

This study investigates blockchain’s effectiveness and the drivers of its success in supply chain management. Drawing upon the Information Systems Success post-adoption model and Contingency Theory, we propose a moderated mediation analysis to analyze the relationships among extended use, user satisfaction, individual benefits, supply chain complexity, and their impact on performance outcomes at both the supply chain and individual firm levels. The model was validated by using survey data from a cross-sectional sample of 370 supply chain professionals from the United States with blockchain experience. Our findings indicate that individual benefits mediate the impact of extended use and user satisfaction on supply chain and operational performance, while supply chain complexity positively moderates the indirect effect of extended use on supply chain performance through individual benefits. This suggests that blockchain adoption is more impactful in complex supply chain contexts with numerous processes, stakeholders, and data sources. These results highlight the importance of adequately considering the supply chain context to fully understand the effectiveness of blockchain technology. This study contributes to the nascent literature on the blockchain post-adoption phase and proposes a new extension to the Information Systems Success model by incorporating supply chain complexity as a contextual factor.