Abstract
Cadmium is a toxic element and its effects are well understood for human health, but its biogeochemical behaviour is still poorly studied and understood in natural ecosystems. This work addresses knowledge gaps concerning its presence, biogeochemical behaviour and impacts in mangrove ecosystems. Through geochemical data and multivariate analysis (i.e., factor and cluster analysis) of data from mangroves of Isla del Carmen, one of the largest extents in Mexico we explored the biogeochemical behaviour of Cd, a potentially toxic element, to identify its anthropogenic sources and interactions with sediments. Pollution indices, including Enrichment Factor (EF), Geo-accumulation Index (Igeo), Sediment Quality Guidelines (SQG) and toxicological studies were used to assess the biological impacts of Cd and infer the natural levels tolerated by mangrove trees that form the basis of this natural ecosystem. Our results highlighted that Cd accumulation is driven by interactions between organic matter (OM), sulphur and fine particles; whereas Enrichment Factor showed values of 6.9 (EF) and 3.5 (EF) associated with point sources and ranged between 2 and 2.9 (EF) in relation to non-point sources. Finally, our geochemical approach revealed that Cd enrichment originates from urban activities and from the poor management of urban residuals.
Original language | English |
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Article number | 114260 |
Journal | Marine Pollution Bulletin |
Volume | 185 |
Issue number | A |
DOIs | |
Publication status | Published - 8 Nov 2022 |
Bibliographical note
Funding Information:OCH, PCRY and CDJC are CONACyT research fellows commissioned to the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (project No. 345 ). We are grateful to Dr. Mario Alejandro Gomez Ponce, Biol. Andres Reda Deara, Biol. Hernan Alvarez Guillen for their technical assistance with the sampling. Also, we area thankful to Edwardo Alfredo Morales and Ricardo Martínez Domínguez at the Sedimentology Laboratory, ICMyL for their assistance during sample preparation and grain-size analysis. This study was funded by the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología internal project no. 625 , with complementary funding from the project PAPIIT-DGAPA-IA202420 , UNAM .
Funding Information:
OCH, PCRY and CDJC are CONACyT research fellows commissioned to the Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (project No. 345). We are grateful to Dr. Mario Alejandro Gomez Ponce, Biol. Andres Reda Deara, Biol. Hernan Alvarez Guillen for their technical assistance with the sampling. Also, we area thankful to Edwardo Alfredo Morales and Ricardo Martínez Domínguez at the Sedimentology Laboratory, ICMyL for their assistance during sample preparation and grain-size analysis. This study was funded by the Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología internal project no. 625, with complementary funding from the project PAPIIT-DGAPA-IA202420, UNAM.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2022 Elsevier Ltd
Keywords
- Cd
- Gulf of Mexico
- Mangroves
- Sediment
- Sorption efficiency